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以猪粪和玉米秸秆粉为堆肥原料,通过添加不同用量的重金属钝化剂(粉煤灰、风化煤或膨润土)进行90d的好氧堆肥,研究钝化剂的种类和添加比例对堆肥理化特性的影响.结果表明:所有处理的堆体温度均能迅速升至近70℃,并维持在55℃以上超过一周;随着堆肥时间的延长,各处理堆体含水量逐渐降低,并在90d后达到30%左右,但添加膨润土能减少一次发酵期水分的损失;添加风化煤会导致堆体pH呈现较强的碱性,而添加膨润土会显著提高堆体EC值;随着堆制时间的延长,堆体Cu、Zn全量逐渐增加,但DTPA提取态Cu、Zn所占的比例则逐渐减小;对照处理和添加风化煤的各处理中,雪里蕻种子的发芽率最终均达到90%以上,GI约1.0左右;而在添加膨润土和粉煤灰的各处理中,到90d堆肥结束,发芽率最高仅达80%,仅有2.5%和5.0%添加比例(质量分数,下同)的处理中GI大于0.5,且GI的增加趋势随着膨润土和粉煤灰的添加比例增加而降低.研究表明,钝化剂的添加比例和种类对猪粪好氧堆肥中堆体温度和含水率变化无显著影响;虽然堆肥过程添加重金属钝化对堆肥重金属Cu、Zn有良好的钝化作用,但对堆体的pH和EC影响较为剧烈,对雪里蕻种子的根系生长也有一定的影响.在堆肥中应合理选择钝化剂的种类和添加比例.
Pig manure and corn stalks were used as composting materials. The aerobic composting with different amounts of heavy metal passivators (fly ash, weathered coal or bentonite) for 90 days was used to study the effect of passivating agent on the physicochemical properties The results show that the temperature of all the treated piles can quickly rise to nearly 70 ℃ and stay above 55 ℃ for more than one week.With the compost time prolonging, 30%, but the addition of bentonite can reduce the loss of water during the first fermentation; addition of weathering coal will lead to the pH of the pile showing a strong alkaline, and adding bentonite will significantly improve the pile body EC value; with the extension of the stacking time, The contents of Cu and Zn increased gradually, but the proportion of Cu and Zn in the extract of DTPA decreased gradually. In the treatments of treatment and addition of weathered coal, the germination rate of the seeds reached more than 90% 1.0; while in the treatment of adding bentonite and fly ash, the composting end of 90d, the germination rate was only up to 80%, only 2.5% and 5.0% of the addition ratio (mass fraction, the same below) the treatment of GI is greater than 0.5, and the increasing trend of GI with bentonite And fly ash addition ratio decreased.Research shows that the proportion and type of passivating agent has no significant effect on the change of temperature and moisture content of pig manure in aerobic composting of pig manure.Although the composting process of adding heavy metal passivation to composting heavy metal Cu and Zn had a good passivation effect, but had a more drastic effect on the pH and EC of the pile, and had some influence on the root growth of the seeds of P. crispus. In the composting, the types and proportion of the passivation agent should be selected rationally.