一、引言关于“自我”的命题是20世纪哲学和文学致力于探讨的主要命题。法国著名精神分析学家雅克·拉康通过“镜像阶段”理论对“自我”的问题作了深刻阐述。20世纪初,英国著名小说家约瑟夫·康拉德在此方面也做了较多的尝试,他的作品深刻表现了19世纪与20世纪之交西方资本主义向帝国主义过渡时期,西 I. INTRODUCTION The proposition about “self ” is the main proposition that philosophy and literature in the 20th century are devoted to exploring. Jacques Lacan, a famous French psychoanalyst, expounded the issue of “self ” through “mirror stage ” theory. At the beginning of the 20th century, the famous British novelist Joseph Conrad made more attempts in this respect. His works profoundly reflected the transition from Western capitalism to imperialism in the 19th and 20th centuries,