密度对油菜品种机械化收获特性的影响

来源 :中国农学通报 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:jxczl900424
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为了分析适宜高密度种植的油菜的重要农艺性状与产量关系的差异,为机械化高密度油菜种植提供借鉴,以不同分枝类型油菜品种为试验材料,对种植密度对油菜花期、抗倒伏性、产量的影响进行研究。结果表明,油菜的花期因为密度的增加而缩短,即开花期时间相对集中,油菜茎秆变细、茎秆抗折断力显著减弱、有效分枝的上移集中。与此同时,单位长度抗折力距呈现先增高后又降低的趋势,种植密度在44.98万株/hm2时达到最大,抗倒伏能力最强。因此,在现有栽培密度15.0万株/hm2~22.5万株/hm2的基础上,适当增加种植密度到44.98万株/hm2左右,油菜花期相对集中,缩短油菜上下部角果成熟时间上差异,茎秆单位长度抗折力距增高,更加抗倒,油菜茎秆变细、有效分枝的上移集中、株型更加紧凑,均有利于机械化收割。 In order to analyze the difference of the relationship between the important agronomic traits and the yield of rapeseed planted with high density, this paper provided references for the cultivation of high density rapeseed. Using the different rapeseed rape varieties as tested materials, the effects of planting density on rape blossom, lodging resistance, The impact of research. The results showed that the flowering stage of rape was shortened due to the increase of density, that is, the flowering time was relatively concentrated, the stems of rapeseed were thinner, the breaking resistance of stems was significantly weakened, and the effective branches were concentrated upwards. At the same time, the flexural strength per unit length increased first and then decreased, and the planting density reached the maximum at 449,800 plants / hm2 with the strongest lodging resistance. Therefore, on the basis of the existing planting density of 150,000 plants / hm2 ~ 225,000 plants / hm2, the planting densities were appropriately increased to 449,800 plants / hm2, the relative concentration of rape in the flowering stage shortened the difference of ripening time of pods in upper and lower rape, The unit length of stalk increased with the increase of anti-flexural force, which was more resistant to lodging. The stems of rapeseed became thinner and the effective branches moved up and concentrated. The plant types were more compact and both were conducive to mechanized harvesting.
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