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为科学划分河南省适宜小麦和夏玉米两熟种植的不同生态区,利用26个有代表性的县(市)气候和土壤肥力资料及历年小麦和夏玉米平均产量等46个指标,提取出7个主成分,采用类平均法,进行聚类分区。结果表明,26个有代表性的县(市)可分为六大区:第Ⅰ区包括12个样本县(市),覆盖了河南省豫北和豫东的大部分地区和豫中的部分地区,可分为4个亚区;第Ⅱ区包括9个样本县(市),位于河南省中南部;第Ⅲ区包括偃师和济源两个样本市;Ⅰ-1、Ⅰ-2、Ⅰ-3亚区和Ⅱ、Ⅲ区都是小麦和夏玉米两熟适宜种植区,Ⅰ-4亚区是小麦和夏玉米两熟次适宜种植区。第Ⅳ区仅包括温县,该区位于太行山的山前平原,热量资源较丰富,土壤肥沃,灌溉条件好,是河南省小麦夏玉米一体化种植的最适宜区。第Ⅴ区仅包括卢氏,这里位于河南省最西部的伏牛山脉,山峦起伏,海拔较高,土壤耕层浅,小麦夏玉米产量均低,夏季不宜种植玉米,但可种植谷子、红薯等耐旱耐瘠作物,为麦谷(薯)两熟适宜区。第Ⅵ区仅包括信阳,这里水热资源充足但光照不足,夏秋季宜种植水稻,为稻麦两熟适宜区。最后讨论了不同种植区小麦和夏玉米两熟制的种植模式和生产潜力。
In order to scientifically classify different ecological regions suitable for planting double cropping of wheat and summer maize in Henan Province, using 26 representative counties (cities) climate and soil fertility data and the average yield of wheat and summer maize over the years, we extracted 7 A main component, the use of class average method, clustering. The results show that the 26 representative counties (cities) can be divided into six regions: Region I includes 12 sample counties (cities) covering most parts of Henan Province in the north of Henan Province and Henan Province and part of Henan Province Area, which can be divided into four sub-areas; area II includes 9 sample counties (cities), located in south-central Henan Province; area III includes two sample cities of Yanshi and Jiyuan; Ⅰ-1, Ⅰ-2, Ⅰ -3 subregion and Ⅱ, Ⅲ are both suitable wheat and summer maize planting area, Ⅰ-4 subregion is the second crop of wheat and summer maize suitable planting areas. The fourth district includes only Wen County, the area is located in the Taihang Mountains piedmont plain, more abundant heat resources, fertile soil, good irrigation conditions, Henan Province, the most suitable summer wheat integrated planting areas. Part V only includes Lushi, here is located in the westernmost valleys of Henan Province, ups and downs, high altitude, shallow soil cultivation, summer maize yield are low, summer should not be planted with corn, but can be planted millet, sweet potato Drought-resistant barren crops, wheat Valley (potato) two crops suitable area. Area Ⅵ only includes Xinyang, where adequate water and heat resources, but inadequate lighting, should be planted in summer and autumn paddy rice, rice and wheat suitable area for two crops. Finally, the planting patterns and production potential of two-cropping wheat and summer maize in different planting areas are discussed.