在抗逆转录病毒治疗后，有9%～45%的人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)感染者尽管达到了病毒学抑制，但其CD4n ＋T细胞数水平没有恢复，这些感染者被称为免疫重建不良的HIV感染者或免疫无应答者(immunological non-responders, INRs)。免疫重建不良者发生AIDS和non-AIDS的风险更高，预期寿命更低，因此为感染者的治疗带来困难。本文针对免疫重建不良发生的可能相关因素及其与疾病进展的关系进行综述，探讨免疫重建不良发生的机制，为评估疾病预后以及有针对性的优化治疗方案提供参考。n “,”After antiretroviral therapy, 9% to 45% of HIV infected individuals have achieved virological suppression, but CD4n + T cell counts did not recover. These people are called as HIV infected individuals with poor immune reconstitution (PIR) or immune non-responders (INRs). INRs have a higher risk of developing AIDS and non-AIDS, and have a lower life expectancy, that resulted in difficulty for treatment. In this review, we aim to discuss the factors related to INR and its relationship with disease progression. Exploring mechanisms of INR development will provide ideas for evaluating disease prognosis and optimization of the treatment plans.n