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目的观察兔颈椎不稳动物模型中椎动脉的结构变化。方法 60只成年健康日本大耳白兔,随机分为两组,每组30只。实验组结扎并切断颈椎C4/5节段颈后肌群,然后切断C4/5节段的棘上及棘间韧带,同时行前路手术损伤C4/5前纵韧带和椎间盘结构;对照组仅切开显露并缝合颈部前后侧皮肤,切口长度与实验组相同,不做其他手术。于术后第1、2、3个月拍摄颈椎过伸过屈位X线片,并测量C4相对活动度;术后第3个月,处死全部动物并取椎动脉标本,应用计算机图像分析系统测量椎动脉外径、内径、管壁厚度。结果实验组兔C4相对活动度在术后第1、2个月和对照组比较无统计学意义(P>0.05);在术后第3个月显著高于对照组,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组椎动脉外径比较无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组椎动脉内径、壁厚比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论破坏颈椎C4/5节段韧带和肌肉连接的方法可以成功制作颈椎不稳的动物模型,颈椎不稳时存在着椎动脉结构的异常。
Objective To observe the structural changes of vertebral artery in a rabbit model of cervical instability. Methods Sixty adult Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups (n = 30 in each group). The experimental group was ligated and the cervical posterior cervical C4 / 5 segments were harvested, and then the superior and posterior interosseous ligaments of the C4 / 5 segments were cut off. The anterior approach was used to injure the C4 / 5 anterior longitudinal ligament and disc structure. The control group Cut open and suture the anterior and posterior neck skin, incision length and the same experimental group, without other surgery. At 1, 2, and 3 months after operation, the X-ray films of cervical hyperextension and flexion were taken and the relative mobility of C4 was measured. At the 3rd month after operation, all the animals were sacrificed and the vertebral artery specimens were taken. The computerized image analysis system Measurement of vertebral artery diameter, diameter, wall thickness. Results The relative mobility of C4 in experimental group was not significantly different from that in control group at the first and second month after operation (P> 0.05), and was significantly higher at the third month after operation than the control group (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the diameter of vertebral artery between the two groups (P> 0.05). The diameter and wall thickness of vertebral artery in the two groups were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The method of destroying cervical C4 / 5 segmental ligament and muscle connection can successfully make animal model of cervical spine instability, and instability of vertebral artery exists in cervical instability.