目的　探讨颈动脉粥样硬化与脑梗死的关系及其危险因素。方法　应用彩色超声诊断仪对16 0例脑梗死患者进行颈动脉超声检查 ,观察动脉粥样硬化程度 ,同时检测血脂、血糖、纤维蛋白原含量。结果　脑梗死患者有颈动脉粥样硬化斑块者 132例 (82 .5 % ) ,颈动脉狭窄 7例 (4 .4 % )。斑块发生部位以颈总动脉分叉处最多 (5 4 .8% )。颈动脉有斑块组其高血压发生率、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、血糖、纤维蛋白原含量较无斑块组显著增高 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　颈动脉粥样硬化斑块是脑梗死的危险因素。年龄、糖尿病、高血压、高脂血症、纤维蛋白原增高与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成密切相关。 Objective To investigate the relationship between carotid atherosclerosis and cerebral infarction and its risk factors. Methods Color ultrasound was used to examine the carotid artery in 160 patients with cerebral infarction. The degree of atherosclerosis was observed. The levels of blood lipids, blood glucose and fibrinogen were also measured. Results There were 132 cases (82.5%) of carotid atherosclerotic plaques and 7 cases of carotid stenosis (4. 4%) in patients with cerebral infarction. Plaque occurred at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery (54.8%). The incidence of hypertension, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, blood glucose and fibrinogen were significantly higher in carotid artery plaque group than those without plaque group (P <0.01). Conclusion Carotid atherosclerosis plaque is a risk factor for cerebral infarction. Age, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and fibrinogen are closely related to the formation of carotid atherosclerotic plaque.