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动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)是目前威胁人类健康的主要病变之一。AS作为一种脂质代谢异常诱导的大、中动脉血管壁慢性炎症性疾病,其主要表现为大量脂质沉积到血管壁,并伴随多种免疫细胞浸润及平滑肌细胞增生。AS的发病机制尚未明确。目前认为,炎症在动脉粥样硬化的发生发展过程中发挥了重要的作用。特异和非特异性免疫反应均参与了此疾病的发展过程。近几年研究发现,调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells,Treg)介导的免疫抑制效应在AS的发生发展中发挥重要作用。Treg细胞是一类具有独特免疫调节功能的CD4~+T细胞亚群,包括CD4~+CD25~+Treg细胞、1型调节性T细胞(type 1 regulatory T cells,Tr1)、3型辅助性T细胞(type 3 helper T cell,Th3)和CD4~+LAP~+Treg细胞等。现就这4种主要的Treg细胞亚群的特点、与动脉粥样硬化发生发展的关系及可能的作用机制作一综述。
Atherosclerosis (AS) is one of the major diseases that threaten human health. As a chronic and inflammatory disease of middle and large arterial walls induced by abnormal lipid metabolism, AS is mainly characterized by a large amount of lipid deposition to the blood vessel wall accompanied by a variety of immune cell infiltration and smooth muscle cell proliferation. The pathogenesis of AS is not yet clear. At present, inflammation plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Both specific and nonspecific immune responses are involved in the development of this disease. In recent years, the study found that regulatory T cells (Treg) -mediated immunosuppressive effects play an important role in the development of AS. Treg cells are a subset of CD4 ~ + T cells with unique immunoregulatory functions, including CD4 ~ + CD25 ~ + Treg cells, type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1), type 3 T Type 3 helper T cell (Th3) and CD4 ~ + LAP ~ + Treg cells. Now on the four main characteristics of Treg cell subsets, and the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis and possible mechanism of action are reviewed.