目前,稠油开采主要采取热力方法即蒸汽吞吐、蒸汽驱和火烧油层,尤其以蒸汽呑吐开采较为普遍。蒸汽呑吐是向地层注入一定量的高温高压蒸汽,注汽完毕焖井一段时间,然后开井放喷,或转抽生产。当油井生产到一定时间,地层能量下降,油层温度降低,原油流动性变差时需再一次注汽,每注采一次称一个吞吐周期。随着呑吐周期的增加,周期产量下 At present, the heavy oil exploitation mainly adopts the thermal methods of steam stimulation, steam flooding and fire burning, especially in the steam extraction. Steam spit vomiting is to inject a certain amount of high temperature and pressure steam into the stratum, brazing for a period of time after the steam injection is completed, and then open up the sparge, or switch to pumping. When the oil well production to a certain time, stratigraphic energy decline, reservoir temperature decreases, the deterioration of crude oil flow when the need to once more steam injection, once per injection called a throughput cycle. As the spit cycle increases, the cycle yields