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在黄土高原西部坡耕地上采用人工模拟降雨研究保护性耕作对水土流失的影响,重点探讨了传统耕作与免耕秸秆覆盖两种耕作措施下春小麦、鹰嘴豆、马铃薯与苜蓿间作对土壤水分和水蚀的影响。结果表明:(1)NTS处理增加地表覆盖,保蓄作物生育期内的降雨效果明显,模拟降雨后不同处理的平均土壤含水量总体表现为:NTSpl>NTScl>NTSwl>Tpl>Tcl>Twl。(2)不同处理径流过程分为产流、峰值、稳定、消失4个过程;土壤侵蚀分为发生、峰值、削减3个过程。(3)不同处理径流总量、侵蚀总量排序均为:Twl>NTSwl>Tcl>NTScl>Tpl>NTSpl,通过聚类分析得出NTS处理的马铃薯与苜蓿间作模式水土保持效应最佳,适合在黄土高原西部推广种植,能够达到较好的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益。
The effects of conservation tillage on soil erosion on sloping farmland in the western Loess Plateau were studied using simulated rainfall. The effects of spring tillage, no-tillage and straw mulching on soil moisture and The impact of water erosion. The results showed that: (1) NTS treatment increased the surface coverage, and the rainfall effect during the growth period of the conservation crops was obvious. The average soil water content of different treatments after simulated rainfall generally showed as follows: NTSpl> NTScl> NTSwl> Tpl> Tcl> Twl. (2) The runoff processes of different treatments are divided into four processes: runoff, peak, stability and disappearance; soil erosion is divided into occurrence, peak and reduction of three processes. (3) According to the cluster analysis, the results showed that the NTS treatments had the best soil-water conservation effect for intercropping with alfalfa in the order of Twl> NTSwl> Tcl> NTScl> Tpl> NTSpl, Promote planting in the western Loess Plateau, to achieve better ecological, economic and social benefits.