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目的调查山西省大同市饮水型地方性砷中毒病区外环境中砷暴露水平。方法从山西省大同市某地方性砷中毒病区抽取85名常住人口作为调查对象,慢性砷中毒按照《地方性砷中毒诊断标准》进行诊断,并采集暴露人群的日常饮用水、土壤和瓜果蔬菜。日常饮用水和土壤通过原子荧光分光光度计定量检测其中砷含量,瓜果蔬菜中的总砷含量采用电感耦合等离子体质谱联用仪(ICP-MS)测定。结果在抽取的85名居民日常饮用水中,水砷范围14.41~90.34μg/L,中位数为43.88μg/L。采集的瓜果蔬菜砷含量范围为0.001~0.771 mg/kg,均数为0.0598 mg/kg,超标率为43.04%,其中瓜果蔬菜中砷超标率呈现叶菜类>根茎类>果菜类的趋势。食用污染严重的叶菜类蔬菜中摄入砷引起的健康风险达到71.77%。本地方性砷中毒病区东南西北4个方向的土壤砷含量未超过国家标准。结论山西省大同市饮水型地方性砷中毒病区饮用水、自产瓜果蔬菜砷含量均高,饮用砷污染的水是引起慢性砷中毒的主要因素,通过食用自产瓜果蔬菜染砷这一途径也不可忽视。
Objective To investigate the level of arsenic exposure in endemic arsenism poisoning area in Datong City, Shanxi Province. Methods A total of 85 residents were selected from an endemic arsenism area in Datong City of Shanxi Province for investigation. Chronic arsenic poisoning was diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria of endemic arsenism, and the daily drinking water, soil and fruits of the exposed population were collected vegetables. Daily drinking water and soil were quantitatively determined by atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry. The content of arsenic in the fruits and vegetables was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results Arsenic ranged from 14.41 to 90.34 μg / L in drinking water of 85 inhabitants with a median of 43.88 μg / L. The contents of arsenic in fruits and vegetables collected in the range of 0.001 ~ 0.771 mg / kg, the average was 0.0598 mg / kg, and the exceeding standard rate was 43.04%. The arsenic excess rate in fruits and vegetables showed the tendency of leafy vegetables> rhizomes> fruits and vegetables . The health risk caused by consuming arsenic in contaminated leafy vegetables reached 71.77%. The endemic arsenism poisoning wards in the four directions of the soil in the southeast of northwest China did not exceed the national standard. Conclusions Drinking water in drinking-water endemic arsenism area of Datong City, Shanxi Province, high content of arsenic in fruits and vegetables produced by themselves, consumption of arsenic-contaminated water is the main factor causing chronic arsenic poisoning. One way can not be ignored.