全球正义已经成为当代政治哲学研究中的热点问题,其中,全球气候变化、碳排放等生态议题持续升温,相比较主权、普遍人权等传统主题,尤其令人瞩目。在这方面,人们很自然地想到了两种对立的理论,即波尔丁的宇宙飞船理论和哈丁的救生艇理论。前者将地球比拟成一个宇宙飞船,飞船上的所有 Global justice has become a hot issue in the study of contemporary political philosophy. Among them, ecological issues such as global climate change and carbon emissions continue to heat up, attracting much attention from traditional topics such as sovereignty and universal human rights. In this respect, it is quite natural to think of two opposing theories, namely, Bolding’s spaceship theory and Harding’s lifeboat theory. The former compared the earth into a spacecraft, spacecraft all