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水平分辨率就是地震勘探方法在水平方向上“可测定的最小间距”。本文评述了有关水平分辨率在理论上及实践中的限制性。因为用于解释的既有偏移剖面又有未偏移剖面,所以需分别评价两种剖面的水平分辨率。在偏移剖面上,水平分辨率通常受用以作图的反射波主频菲涅耳带大小的限制。剖面上看到的小于该带的东西可能是噪声或处理中的假象。偏移剖面的水平分辨率比未偏移剖面要好得多,并且在理论上直接与垂直分辨率及偏移角度有关。实际上,限制水平分辨率的因素是:速度不精确,空间采样不适当,相干噪声的存在以及叠加和偏移算法所采用的近似方法的一些缺陷。
The horizontal resolution is the “measurable minimum spacing” of the seismic exploration method in the horizontal direction. This paper reviews the theoretical and practical limitations of horizontal resolution. Because of the existing offset profile and the un-offset profile used for interpretation, the horizontal resolution of the two profiles needs to be evaluated separately. On offset profiles, the horizontal resolution is usually limited by the size of the dominant Fresnel strip used to map the reflected waves. What is seen on the profile less than the band may be a noise or artifact in processing. The horizontal resolution of the offset profile is much better than the non-offset profile, and is theoretically directly related to the vertical resolution and offset angle. In fact, the factors that limit the horizontal resolution are: inaccurate speed, inappropriate spatial sampling, the presence of coherent noise, and some shortcomings of the approximation methods used by the overlay and offset algorithms.