以客观性为圭臬的专业化历史学科形成于19世纪的德国,德国因此被誉为“现代历史学的摇篮”。20世纪以来,接踵而至的两次世界大战对德国历史学产生了巨大冲击,围绕如何看待近代以来尤其是当代的德国历史、应该树立怎样的历史意识等问题,德国史学界内部产生了严重分化。但有所不同的是,第一次世界大战后的德国史学界普遍沉溺于因战败所带来的民族愤懑情绪之中;而第二次世界大战后的大多数历史学家则保持了较为清醒的头脑,主动剖析“刚刚发生的民族之过 The objectivity of the professional history of discipline formed in the 19th century in Germany, Germany was therefore hailed as ”the cradle of modern history.“ Since the 20th century, the ensuing two world wars have had a tremendous impact on the history of Germany. Around how to view the history of Germany in modern times, especially the contemporary history, what kind of historical awareness should be established? . However, the difference is that the German historians after the First World War were generally indulged in the resentment of national anger brought about by the defeat; most of the historians after the Second World War kept a sober Mind, take the initiative to analyze ”just happened nationality