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目的通过对社区居家不出老年人5年后的随访观察,明确居家不出老年人在一定时间内日常生活能力(ADL)、外出状况等方面的变化。方法采用随访研究方法,于2010年12月至2011年6月对2006年调查中已确定为居家不出的275位老年人进行调研,调研工具为自行设计的一般状况调查表、居家不出转归调查表、ADL量表等。结果 1实际随访189人,男性67人,女性122人,平均年龄(77±7.4)岁,失访人数86人(含已故81例,失去联系5例),追踪率为68.7%;25年后社区居家不出老年人外出状况恶化的占调查总人数的55%;好转的仅占45%;3ADL平均得分和生活完全独立的人数及比例均下降,两次调查的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论居家不出老年人自然转归较差,ADL、外出状况等随时间变化而恶化,应该对该人群居家不出状况予以积极管理与干预,以促使居家不出状态向好的方向转归。
Objective To observe the changes of daily living ability (ADL) and out-going status of the elderly in a certain period of time by observing the follow-up of elders in the community after 5 years. Methods A follow-up study was conducted. From December 2010 to June 2011, 275 elderly people who had not been identified as at-home residents in the 2006 survey were investigated. The survey tools were self-designed general condition questionnaires, Return to the questionnaire, ADL scale and so on. Results 1 The actual follow-up 189 people, 67 males and 122 females, the average age (77 ± 7.4) years of age, the number of people lost 86 (including 81 cases of the late loss of contact in 5 cases), the follow-up rate was 68.7%; 25 years After the community home out of the elderly out of the deteriorating state accounted for 55% of the total number of surveys; improved only 45%; 3ADL average scores and the total number of independent living and the proportion of both declined, the difference between the two surveys was statistically significant P <0.01). Conclusion At home, the elderly do not have good natural outcomes, and the ADL and out-going status deteriorate with time. Therefore, it is necessary to actively manage and intervene in the homelessness of the population so that the family can not get out of the status quo.