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关于信息结构的研究由来已久,而对于焦点的研究更是语言学研究的热点。各种语言学派、各个语言学科都在研究焦点问题。具体地说,焦点(focus)是音系学、句法学、语义学、话语分析等语言学各个学科共同感兴趣的话题,也是形式语言学、功能语言学等语言学各个学派共同感兴趣的问题。由于国内外学者们理论背景的差异以及研究角度的不同,对于焦点的概念、分类、数量等问题必然会产生一定程度的混乱。本文将对国内外有关焦点方面的研究成果进行评述,提出笔者自己的一些看法。
The research on the structure of information has a long history, and the research on the focus is the hot point of linguistic research. Various linguistic schools, various language disciplines are studying the issue of focus. Specifically, the focus is a topic of common interest in various linguistics disciplines such as phonology, syntax, semantics and discourse analysis, and is also a common interest of all schools of linguistics such as formal linguistics and functional linguistics . Due to the differences in theoretical backgrounds and research perspectives of domestic and foreign scholars, there is bound to be some degree of confusion over the concept of focus, classification and quantity. This article will review the research results at home and abroad on the focal points and put forward some opinions of the author himself.