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目的了解青岛市小学生家长营养知识、态度、行为现状,研究干预措施的有效性和进一步推广的可行性。方法在青岛市市南区采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,选取4所小学3~5年级学生家长分为干预组(1 113人)和对照组(1 234人),干预组进行营养健康教育,并在干预前后进行问卷调查,对干预效果进行评估。结果干预后,干预组小学生家长“含有较多不饱和脂肪酸的食物”、“小学生每日推荐的能量摄入量”、“维生素D对人体的益处”、“含钙丰富的食物”、“促进铁吸收的营养素”、“中国居民膳食指南一共几条”的营养知识知晓率均有明显提高(P值均<0.01);小学生家长营养知识知晓率随着文化程度的增高而增高(P均<0.05);干预组小学生家长“经常吃新鲜蔬菜和水果”、“每天都喝奶”“经常锻炼”的健康行为养成率均上升(P均<0.05);干预组和对照组小学生营养状况改善均不明显(P均>0.05)。结论对小学生家长进行营养健康教育在提高家长营养知识知晓率、健康行为养成率和预防小学生肥胖的发生等方面均有成效。
Objective To understand the knowledge, attitude and behavior of parents of primary school students in Qingdao and to study the effectiveness of interventions and the feasibility of further promotion. Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was adopted in Shinan District of Qingdao City. Parents of grade 3 to grade 5 primary school students were divided into intervention group (1 113) and control group (1 234) Education, and questionnaires before and after the intervention to assess the effect of intervention. Results After intervention, pupils in the intervention group had “foods containing more unsaturated fatty acids”, “daily intake of energy recommended by pupils”, “benefits of vitamin D to the human body”, and “ (P <0.01). The awareness rate of nutrition knowledge among parents of primary school students was significantly higher than that of the other two groups (P <0.01) With the increase of educational level (P <0.05) .In the intervention group, the Parents’ health eating habits such as ”always eat fresh vegetables and fruit“, ”every day to drink milk“ and ”regular exercise" (P <0.05). The nutritional status of pupils in intervention group and control group had no significant improvement (all P> 0.05). Conclusions Nutrition and health education for parents of primary school students is effective in improving the awareness rate of parents’ nutritional knowledge, the rate of healthy behavior and preventing the occurrence of obesity among primary school students.