“平均地权”是20世纪上半期中国土地改革的一种理念诉求。而为实现此种诉求,源自亨利·乔治的“土地单税论”和欧洲启蒙运动以来的合作社制度,就成为政要及一些学人为解决中国土地问题而在理念中做出的一种工具性选择,并造成了其与社会现实性要素之间的紧张关系。由此说明在土地私有制度下,以和平、协作方式、借合作社为工具,来实现耕者有其田的理念诉求,实际上也只是人们对仅凭理性支撑的一种秩序化的社会经济架构的奢望。土地改革乃至于农村一切变革的成功需要在关注“经济和技术目标”之同时,还必须重视改革的“政治和社会目标”。 “Average land ownership” is a kind of ideological appeal of China’s land reform in the first half of the 20th century. In order to realize this kind of appeal, the “land tax theory” derived from Henry George and the cooperative system since the Enlightenment in Europe became a tool that politicians and some scholars made in their ideas to solve China’s land issue Sexual choice, and caused the tension between social reality and its elements. This shows that under the private ownership of land, peace and cooperation and the use of cooperatives as tools to achieve the ideals of the plowshares and their fields are in fact only a kind of orderly socio-economic framework based on rationality Extravagant hope. The success of land reform and even of all changes in rural areas needs to pay attention to the “political and social goals” of reform while paying attention to “economic and technological goals.”