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小学计算与初中计算是一脉相承的,初中阶段的计算是对小学阶段计算的延续、补充和完善.具体表现为:(1)从小学的“算术数”向初中的“有理数”发展;(2)从小学的“算术运算”向初中的“代数运算”发展;(3)从小学的“数”向初中的“式”发展;(4)从小学的“算术式”向初中的“方程”发展;.(5)从小学到初中,数中引入了负数、有理数和实数,运算由原来的四则运算拓展到乘方、开方.同时,又出现了相反数、绝对值、整式和分式等新的概念;(6)小学阶段,数的运算一般不需要考虑它们的符号,
The calculation of elementary school and junior middle school are the same strain. The calculation of junior middle school is the continuation, supplement and perfection of the calculation of elementary school. The concrete manifestation is as follows: (1) From “arithmetic number” in primary school to “rational number” in junior school ; (2) Development from “arithmetic operation” in elementary school to “algebraic operation” in junior school; (3) Development from “number” in elementary school to “type” in junior school; (4) (5) From elementary school to junior high school, the numbers introduce negative numbers, rational numbers and real numbers, and the operation is expanded from the original four operations to the power of the square and the square is opened. At the same time, new concepts such as opposite numbers, absolute values, whole numbers and fractional formulas appear again. (6) In elementary school, arithmetic of numbers usually does not need to consider their signs,