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抑郁症认知障碍的突出表现之一为患者的负性记忆偏向。已有研究常关注患者对负性信息自下而上的选择性注意,往往忽略了自上而下执行控制障碍对记忆的影响。近年研究提示,抑郁症患者和抑郁状态个体的记忆抑制缺陷在其负性记忆偏向的形成和维持中起到了重要作用,无法有效地主动抑制负性记忆可能是患者持续性负性反刍的主要原因。从抑郁症自上而下的执行控制缺陷入手,研究患者的记忆抑制障碍与其主要症状-负性反刍间的相关性,不仅能从理论上丰富Beck的抑郁症认知模型,还能指导临床建立更准确的预后评估指标,同时制定更有效的治疗方案。本文分别介绍了健康成人及抑郁症患者和抑郁状态个体的记忆抑制研究现状,并就当前在抑郁人群研究领域亟待解决的三个问题进行了探讨。
One of the prominent manifestations of cognitive impairment in depression is the patient’s negative memory bias. Research has often focused on patients’ selective attention to negative information from the bottom up, often neglecting the impact of top-down executive control on memory. Recent studies suggest that memory deficits in depressive patients and depressed individuals play an important role in the formation and maintenance of negative memory bias. Inability to effectively inhibit negative memory may be the main reason for persistent negative rumination in patients . Starting from the top-down executive control deficit of depression, studying the correlation between memory impairment disorder and its main symptom-negative ruminant can not only theoretically enrich Beck’s cognitive model of depression, but also guide clinical establishment More accurate assessment of prognosis, while developing more effective treatment options. This article introduces the status quo of memory inhibition in healthy adults and depressive patients and depressed individuals, and discusses the three problems to be solved urgently in the field of depressive people research.