一 序 言 自往复式内燃机发明以来,活塞的重要作用仍然是:燃烧气体压力作用于活塞顶部,使活塞在气缸内作往复运动,并通过连杆将力传到曲轴,并与活塞环一起保持的燃烧室密封。它一方面要接触高温燃烧气体,还要在恶劣润滑条件下,承受燃烧压力及惯性力。 人们对活塞的要求随着社会对发动机要求的变化而变化。发动机的大功率化是内燃机出现以来的不变课题。随之,活塞承受的热量及机械负荷也必然增大。随着发动机的小型化及轻量化,活塞也趋向小型化。 I. INTRODUCTION Since the invention of reciprocating internal combustion engines, the important role of pistons remains: the combustion gas pressure acts on the top of the piston, reciprocating the piston in the cylinder and transmitting the force to the crankshaft through the connecting rod and held together with the piston ring The combustion chamber is sealed. On the one hand it should be exposed to high temperature combustion gases, but also under the conditions of poor lubrication, to withstand combustion pressure and inertial force. People’s demands on the piston vary with changes in the engine requirements of society. The power of the engine is the same subject since the advent of the internal combustion engine. As a result, the heat and mechanical load on the piston will inevitably increase. As the engine is miniaturized and lightweight, the piston tends to be miniaturized.