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冻土水热传输和水热耦合过程是寒区水循环的核心环节和重要组成部分,土壤温度和湿度(含水量)的观测和模拟是冻土水热过程分析的基础.以中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所黑河上游生态-水文试验研究站葫芦沟试验小流域为依托,选取季节冻土区的高寒草原、高寒草甸和多年冻土区的沼泽化草甸、高山寒漠等4种典型寒区下垫面,分别布设自动气象站,并调查相关土壤和植被参数,利用SHAW和CoupModel模型对试验点的土壤水热条件进行模拟计算.结果表明:4个试验点多层土壤含水量和地温SHAW模型计算值与实测值对比平均相关系数R2分别为0.65和0.90;CoupModel模型计算值与实测值对比平均R2为0.72和0.93.总体上,地温的模型估算结果略好于含水量;相对于SHAW模型,CoupModel模型是更适合寒区各种下垫面的一维SVATs模型.
The process of water-heat transfer and hydrothermal coupling in the frozen soil is the core part and an important part of the water cycle in the cold area. The observation and simulation of soil temperature and humidity (moisture content) are the basis for the hydrothermal process analysis of the frozen soil. District Environmental and Engineering Research Institute of the upper reaches of the Heihe River Ecological - Hydrological Experimental Station Gourd Gully experimental small watershed as the basis, select the seasonal frozen soil alpine steppe, alpine meadow and permafrost swamp meadow, alpine desert 4 A typical cold area underlying surface, respectively, set up an automatic weather station, and survey the relevant soil and vegetation parameters, the use of SHAW and CoupModel model of the experimental site of soil hydrothermal conditions simulation results show that: the four test points of multi-layer soil The average correlation coefficient R2 between calculated and measured SHAW values was 0.65 and 0.90, respectively; the average R2 of calculated and measured values of CoupModel model was 0.72 and 0.93, respectively. Overall, the model results of geothermal temperature were slightly better than the water content; Compared with the SHAW model, the CoupModel model is a one-dimensional SVATs model that is more suitable for various underlying surfaces in cold regions.