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微小RNA(micro RNA,miRNA)是一类新发现的非编码的调控RNA,其主要在转录水平或转录后水平上发挥调控效应,控制着生长发育、分化、代谢和疾病等许多生物过程。miRNA调控精子与卵子的减数分裂,影响配子的生长发育。参与植入前小鼠胚胎早期发育时序的调节,干预植入过程中相关基因的表达。而且涉及到干细胞的自我更新与多潜能性的维持,控制多能胚胎干细胞谱系的决定。生殖细胞miRNA的异常表达与生育能力障碍存在一定相关性。就miRNA相关机制和功能,主要检测方法及其在生殖发育领域中研究进展综述。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a newly discovered class of non-coding regulatory RNAs that play a regulatory, transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulatory role and control many biological processes such as growth, differentiation, metabolism and disease. MiRNAs regulate sperm and egg meiosis, affecting the growth and development of gametes. Participate in the regulation of early developmental timing of mouse embryos before implantation, and interfere with the expression of related genes during implantation. But also involves the self-renewal of stem cells and the maintenance of pluripotency and the decision to control pluripotent ESS lineages. Germ cell miRNA abnormal expression and fertility disorders have some relevance. On the miRNA related mechanisms and functions, the main detection methods and research progress in the field of reproductive development.