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目的研究膝关节交叉韧带和侧副韧带的断面形态特征和变化规律,为诊断膝部韧带病变提供更为详尽的形态学资料。方法利用27例正常成人膝关节标本制作连续断面,其中矢状断面9例,冠状断面12例,横断面6例。通过横、矢、冠状断面标本,观测膝关节韧带的断面形态特征及定量测量。结果矢状面上测量前、后交叉韧带长度分别为(29.66±4.21)mm、(40.26±6.81)mm,厚度分别为(10.03±1.97)mm、(11.24±3.50)mm。冠状面上前、后交叉韧带长径分别为(15.18±3.25)mm、(18.79±3.35)mm,短径分别为(6.37±1.32)mm、(8.03±1.46)mm;胫、腓侧副韧带长度分别为(102.85±19.64)mm、(45.52±14.91)mm,厚度分别为(2.63±0.72)mm、(3.43±1.04)mm。髁间隆起的横断面上胫、腓侧副韧带长径分别为(21.98±11.95)mm、(5.25±1.93)mm,短径分别为(2.03±0.59)mm、(2.87±0.64)mm。结论 (1)观测交叉韧带最好的断面是膝关节正中矢状面,其次是正中旁开1个矢状断面。除厚度外,在矢状面上前后交叉韧带长度、股、胫骨附着区宽度均有明显差异。(2)胫、腓侧副韧带在连续的冠状断面及横断面上均可显示,以冠状断面配合横断面相对为佳。
Objective To study the cross-sectional morphological features and changes of cruciate ligaments and collateral ligaments of knee and to provide more detailed morphological data for the diagnosis of ligaments in the knee. Methods A total of 27 normal adult knee specimens were used to make continuous sections, of which 9 were sagittal, 12 were coronal and 6 were transverse. Through transverse, sagittal and coronal sections, the morphological features and quantitative measurements of knee joint ligaments were observed. Results The lengths of anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament in the sagittal plane were (29.66 ± 4.21) mm and (40.26 ± 6.81) mm, respectively. The thicknesses were (10.03 ± 1.97) mm and (11.24 ± 3.50) mm respectively. The long diameter of the anterior cruciate ligament and the posterior cruciate ligament of the coronal plane were (15.18 ± 3.25) mm and (18.79 ± 3.35) mm respectively, and the minor diameters were (6.37 ± 1.32) mm and (8.03 ± 1.46) mm respectively. The lengths were (102.85 ± 19.64) mm and (45.52 ± 14.91) mm, respectively, and the thicknesses were (2.63 ± 0.72) mm and (3.43 ± 1.04) mm, respectively. The long axes of the tibia and fibular collateral ligament were (21.98 ± 11.95) mm and (5.25 ± 1.93) mm respectively in the cross-section of the intercondylar eminence. The minor diameters were (2.03 ± 0.59) mm and (2.87 ± 0.64) mm respectively. Conclusions (1) The best cross-section of the cruciate ligament is the median sagittal plane of the knee joint, followed by the middle sagittal plane. In addition to the thickness, in the sagittal anterior cruciate ligament length, the width of the tibia attachment area were significantly different. (2) The tibia and fibular collateral ligaments can be displayed on the continuous coronal section and the cross section, and the coronal section is better than the cross section.