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学术界的主流观点是将汉代的先请或上请视为特殊犯罪主体的优遇制度,这种研究对象定位的偏差对先请与上请实质的认识产生了较大障碍。先请与上请事实上均为皇帝权断层面的案件适用的司法程序,是实现皇帝参与和控制司法的重要途径,两者在适用的犯罪主体、案件处理的司法阶段、向皇帝请示的内容和司法功能上均有根本性的区别。先请适用于官僚贵族犯罪案件,是劾罪官员向皇帝奏请治罪的程序,使皇帝对特殊身份主体犯罪案件拥有了司法管辖权;而上请适用于各种特殊案件,是司法审理机构就拟定判决向皇帝请示的程序,使皇帝对特殊案件拥有最终裁决权。
The mainstream view of academia is to treat the first or last invitation of the Han Dynasty as a special privilege system as the main subject of special crimes. The deviation of the orientation of this research object poses a big obstacle to the first understanding of the first please. First of all, it is an important way for the emperor to participate in and control the judiciary if he first asks for judicial procedures that are actually applicable to the cases of the power of the emperor. They are both important subjects for the application of the criminal subject, the judicial phase of handling the case, And judicial functions are fundamentally different. First apply to criminal cases of bureaucratic aristocrats, is the crime of guilty of officials to plead guilty to the Emperor procedures, so that the emperor of the special identity of the main criminal cases have jurisdiction; and please apply to a variety of special cases, the judicial hearing on the Draw up a procedure for petitions from the emperor, giving the emperor the final right to adjudicate on special cases.