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本文以121农场为例,依据历年棉花产量、降水量、灌溉引水量和地下水补给量等资料,系统分析了该区域近50年来棉田水分生产效率的变化动态及影响因素,并探讨了水分生产效率潜力提高途径。结果表明,50多年来石河子垦区棉花单产增加了近3.3倍;棉田耗水量总体呈下降趋势,由20世纪50年代平均477.48mm下降到目前平均415.00mm,降低了13.09%;同期棉田水分生产效率由1.07kg/hm2/mm上升到目前3.95kg/hm2/mm,提高了近2.69倍。土壤改良,化肥用量的逐年增加,以及地膜覆盖栽培、秸秆还田、优良品种等技术的推广应用,对于棉田水分生产效率的提高起了决定性作用。作者认为增加氮肥等肥料用量,对进一步提高水分生产效率仍有一定作用,但部分地区应注意肥料的合理配比施用;发展膜下滴灌等节水技术对于提高水分生产效率还有很大的潜力空间;此外开展抗旱品种选育对于提高水分生产效率也有一定潜力。
Taking 121 farms as an example, this paper systematically analyzes the dynamic changes and influencing factors of water production efficiency in cotton fields in the past 50 years based on the data of cotton production, precipitation, irrigation water diversion and groundwater recharge in the past years. The effects of water production efficiency Potential to improve the way. The results showed that the cotton yield in Shihezi reclamation area increased by nearly 3.3 times over the past 50 years. The water consumption of cotton field decreased from 477.48mm in the 1950s to 415.00mm in average in the 1950s, decreasing by 13.09%. The water production efficiency 1.07kg / hm2 / mm rose to the current 3.95kg / hm2 / mm, an increase of nearly 2.69 times. Soil improvement, the increasing use of chemical fertilizers and the popularization and application of plastic mulch cultivation, straw returning and fine varieties have played a decisive role in improving the water production efficiency in cotton fields. The author believes that increasing the amount of nitrogen and other fertilizers, to further improve the efficiency of water production is still a certain role, but in some areas should pay attention to the rational allocation of fertilizers; the development of water-saving technology such as drip irrigation under the film has great potential to improve water production efficiency Space; in addition to carry out breeding drought-resistant varieties have some potential to improve water production efficiency.