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〔答〕风湿性心脏病患者,当二尖瓣口狭窄,有效面积在2.5平方厘米以下时,在舒张期血流由左心房进入左心室发生障碍,因而左心房压力首先升高,产生左心房——左心室压力差。久之,左心房也发生肥大扩张。左心房与肺静脉之间并无瓣膜,故随着左心房压力的增高,肺静脉压和肺毛细血管压也同时升高,肺静脉和肺毛细血管发生扩张和淤血,造成慢性肺阻塞性充血。患者在休息时可无症状,活动后血流加快,左心房不能克服二尖瓣狭窄所产生的机械性障碍时,肺静脉与肺毛细血管内血容量进一步增加,可出现呼吸困难、紫绀、咳嗽、
〔A〕 rheumatic heart disease, when the mitral valve stenosis, the effective area of 2.5 cm 2 below the diastolic blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricular dysfunction, and thus left atrial pressure first increased, resulting in the left atrium Left ventricular pressure difference. Long time, the left atrium also hypertrophy dilatation. There is no valve between the left atrium and the pulmonary veins. Therefore, as the pressure in the left atrium increases, the pulmonary venous pressure and pulmonary capillary pressure also increase. The pulmonary veins and pulmonary capillaries expand and become congested, resulting in chronic obstructive pulmonary congestion. Patients at rest can be asymptomatic, accelerated blood flow after the activity, the left atrium can not overcome mechanical defects caused by mitral stenosis, the pulmonary vein and pulmonary capillary blood volume further increased, there may be breathing difficulties, cyanosis, cough,