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为摸清中巴喀喇昆仑公路(简称中巴公路)30年运营对两侧植被的影响范围与程度、公路干扰区域(取弃土场、施工便道等)处植被自然恢复能力,采用样线法和样方法于2009年9月20日~28日、2010年9月8日~15日和2011年9月22日~27日对中巴公路雷克特桥至红其拉甫段(即K470+500~K811+343段)两侧200 m范围内的各种植被类型及工程占地干扰区域进行了调查和实测。结果显示:公路两侧0~1 m范围内(即土质边沟处)的物种丰富度、盖度均显著高于99~100 m(自然背景)处,且生物量、多样性指数、优势度指数和均匀度指数均有高于其他距离的趋势;公路路侧干扰样方在外貌、结构组成上已与天然背景样方的植物群落无明显的不同,但植物群落盖度、种类组成、植株高度,随着植被类型的不同与天然群落稍有差别。本研究为正在建设中的中巴公路改扩建工程的生态排水沟建设、植被恢复技术策略(以自然恢复为主、人工恢复为辅)的制定提供了理论依据。
In order to find out the scope and extent of 30 years of operation of the Karakoram Highway between China and Pakistan and the vegetation on both sides of the road, the natural restoration capacity of vegetation at road disturbance areas (spoil grounds, construction access roads, etc.) Law and sample method on September 20, 2009 to September 28, 2010, September 15 to September 15 and September 22 to September 27, 2011 on the CMB highway Liberty Bridge to Hongqi pull section (that is, K470 +500 ~ K811 +343) on both sides of 200 m within the scope of various types of vegetation and the project covers an area of interference survey and measured. The results showed that the species richness and coverage of 0 ~ 1 m on both sides of the road (ie, the soil ditches) were significantly higher than those of 99-100 m (natural background), and the biomass, diversity index, dominance Index and evenness index all have higher trend than other distances. The appearance and structure of roadside disturbance quadrats have no significant difference with those of natural background quadrats, but the plant community coverage, species composition, Height, with the different types of vegetation and natural communities slightly different. This study provides a theoretical basis for the formulation of ecological drainage ditch construction and the technical strategy of vegetation restoration (mainly natural recovery, supplemented by manual recovery) under the construction and renovation of the CMB highway.