近代以来,基督教、天主教通过不平等条约进入中国,一些传教士的放肆行为及其教义与传统文化相悖,导致中国社会官、绅、民各阶层的反对,造成大量教案的发生。清政府对教案的处理成为中国近代外交的重要组成部分,在交涉中形成了一套处理教案的方针和政策,深刻体现了在特殊的历史环境中清政府的外交处境。 In modern times, Christianity and Catholicism entered China through unequal treaties. The pretexts of some missionaries and their teachings contradicted the traditional culture, which led to the opposition of Chinese social officials, gentry and people at various levels, resulting in a large number of lesson plans. The Qing government’s handling of the lesson plans became an important part of China’s modern diplomacy. During the negotiations, the Qing government formed a set of guidelines and policies to deal with the lesson plans and profoundly reflected the Qing government’s diplomatic situation in a special historical environment.