目的:探讨结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤鼻型的临床特征,误诊误治原因及影响愈后的因素。方法:回顾性分析34例结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的临床资料,其中ⅠE局限10例,ⅠE超腔15例,ⅡE6例,ⅣE3例;发生于鼻腔29例,鼻腔外5例;行单一放疗或化疗14例,放疗加化疗综合治疗20例。结果:误诊率58.8%(20/34),误治率52.3%(18/34)。5年生存率,ⅠE局限组60.0%(6/10),ⅠE超腔组26.7%(4/15)ⅡE16.7%(1/6),ⅣE0%(0/3),各分期生存率均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。其中ⅠE超腔单一治疗6例。5年生存率0%,ⅠE局限组综合治疗2例,5年生存率50%(1/2)。结论:结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤鼻型早期临床特征不典型,易误诊误治,确诊依赖病理及免疫组织化学检查。临床分期为影响愈后主要原因,早期诊断和治疗是关键。 Objective: To investigate the clinical features of nasal type of extranodal NK / T cell lymphoma, the causes of misdiagnosis and mistreatment and the factors that affect the prognosis. Methods: The clinical data of 34 patients with extranodal NK / T cell lymphoma were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 10 cases were classified as ⅠE, 15 cases were ⅠE superfine, 6 cases were ⅡE and 3 cases were ⅣE. There were 29 cases in nasal cavity and 5 cases outside nasal cavity. Radiotherapy or chemotherapy in 14 cases, combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy in 20 cases. Results: The misdiagnosis rate was 58.8% (20/34) and the false-positive rate was 52.3% (18/34). The 5-year survival rate was 60.0% (6/10) in ⅠE group, 26.7% (4/15) ⅡE 16.7% (1/6) and ⅣE0% (0/3) in ⅠE supercavitary group The differences were statistically significant (all P <0.01). Which Ⅰ E superficial single treatment in 6 cases. The 5-year survival rate was 0%, and in the I-E limited group, 2 patients were treated. The 5-year survival rate was 50% (1/2). Conclusion: The clinical features of nasal type of extranodal NK / T cell lymphoma are not typical, and are easily misdiagnosed and mistakenly diagnosed. The diagnosis depends on pathology and immunohistochemistry. Clinical stage is the main reason to affect the prognosis, early diagnosis and treatment is the key.