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湖泊蒸发量的准确估算对于水文学、气象学和湖泊学等研究有重要的意义.基于2013-2015年太湖水量收支资料、气象观测数据和稳定同位素观测资料,采用稳定同位素质量守恒模型、水量平衡法和Priestley-Taylor模型估算太湖蒸发量,分析太湖蒸发量的季节变化和年际变化特征,并以Priestley-Taylor模型结果为参考值,评价水量平衡法和同位素质量守恒方程的计算精度.结果表明:5-9月太湖蒸发量较高,冬季最低.2013-2015年太湖年总蒸发量分别为1069、894和935 mm,蒸发量的年际变化受到天气条件的影响.2013年12月2014年11月期间,用Priestley-Taylor模型计算的湖泊蒸发量为885 mm;同位素质量守恒模型的估算结果较一致,为893 mm;而水量平衡方程的估算结果明显偏高,为1247 mm.
The accurate estimation of lake evaporation is of great significance to the research of hydrology, meteorology and lakeshore.Based on the data of Tai Lake water budget, meteorological observation data and stable isotope observations from 2013 to 2015, the stable isotope conservation model, Equilibrium method and Priestley-Taylor model were used to estimate the seasonal variations and interannual variations of evaporation in the Taihu Lake. The Priestley-Taylor model was used as a reference to evaluate the accuracy of the water balance method and isotope conservation of mass equation. Results The results show that the evaporation in Taihu Lake from May to September is the highest and the lowest in winter.The total annual evaporation in Taihu Lake from 2013 to 2015 is 1069, 894 and 935 mm respectively, and the interannual variation of evaporation is affected by the weather conditions. The lake evaporation calculated using the Priestley-Taylor model was 885 mm during November; the consistent isotope conservation model was estimated to be 893 mm, while the water balance equation was significantly higher at 1247 mm.