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使用功能梯度材料设计制造锻制钢锻件的热锻模,需要全面深入掌握热锻模型腔表面层在实际工作时的温度梯度场的分布和变化规律。为此,用DEFORM-2D软件对轿车前轮毂热锻模的全工作过程进行了连续仿真,揭示了热锻模从第一次工作循环过渡到热平衡状态下的型腔表面层温度梯度场的变化过程和变化规律。热锻模温度梯度场的分布及其变化规律表明,热锻模对材料的耐热、耐磨、高温强度及高韧性的严格要求仅局限于模膛表面较薄的一层——温度波动区,而其它区域是不需要如此高性能的材料的。热锻模模膛表面层材料的选用,应主要考虑热胀系数、传热系数、热容量及其高温强韧性,这类材料只能由钴基或镍基高温合金与金属陶瓷组成的复合材料制备。因此,采用耐热、耐磨的功能梯度材料来制造热锻模,具有很高的经济价值。为热锻模型腔表面层的材料设计与制备提供了理论依据。
The design and manufacture of hot forging die forged steel forgings by using functionally graded material requires a thorough and in-depth understanding of the distribution and variation of the temperature gradient field during the actual working. For this reason, the continuous simulation of the whole work process of the front wheel hub forging die with DEFORM-2D software was carried out, which revealed the change of the temperature gradient of the cavity surface layer from the first working cycle to the thermal equilibrium Process and change rules. The distribution of the temperature gradient field of the hot forging die and its variation indicate that the strict requirements of the hot forging die on the heat resistance, wear resistance, high temperature strength and high toughness of the die are only limited to the thinner layer on the surface of the die - the temperature fluctuation zone , While other areas do not require such a high-performance materials. Hot forging die cavity surface layer material selection, the main consideration should be thermal expansion coefficient, heat transfer coefficient, heat capacity and high temperature toughness, such materials can only be cobalt-based or nickel-based superalloy and cermet composite material preparation . Therefore, the use of heat-resistant, wear-resistant function of gradient materials to manufacture hot forging die, with high economic value. It provides a theoretical basis for material design and preparation of the surface layer of hot forging mold cavity.