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通过观测天然降雨时不同带宽玉米苜蓿间作下黄土坡耕地降雨产流产沙特征,研究了降雨条件一定时不同耕作模式对黄土坡耕地产流产沙量的影响和坡度变化对坡耕地产流产沙的影响。结果表明:在5°、10°、15°坡试验径流小区上①玉米单作年均产流总量分别比裸地降低了29.2%、15.8%和12.2%;苜蓿单作年均产流总量分别比裸地降低了78.5%、73.5%和75.0%;玉米苜蓿间作下年均产流总量分别比裸地降低了71.8%、59.7%和59.1%。②玉米单作年均产沙总量分别比裸地降低了39.0%、29.9%和22.0%;苜蓿单作年均产沙量分别比裸地降低了79.2%、84.5%和93.2%;玉米苜蓿间作下年均产沙量分别比裸地降低了74.0%、82.3%和89.5%。③各处理地块的产流产沙量随着坡度的增加而增加。各间作地小区,10°较5°的平均产流量多出81.1%,产沙量多出73.2%;15°较5°的平均产流量多出84.7%,产沙量多出81.3%;15°较10°的平均产流量多出19.0%,产沙量多出30.2%。
The effects of different tillage patterns on runoff and sediment yield of loess slope paddy and its effect on runoff and sediment yield on sloping farmland were studied by observing the characteristics of runoff and sediment yield under different widths of maize alfalfa during natural rainfall. . The results showed that the average annual total runoff of maize single crop decreased by 29.2%, 15.8% and 12.2% respectively in the runoff plots of 5 °, 10 ° and 15 ° slope. The annual average total runoff of alfalfa Respectively, decreased by 78.5%, 73.5% and 75.0% respectively compared with the bare land. The total amount of annual mean flow in the intercropping of maize alfalfa decreased by 71.8%, 59.7% and 59.1% respectively compared with the bare land. (2) The annual total amount of single-year corn production decreased by 39.0%, 29.9% and 22.0% respectively compared with the bare land; the average annual sediment yield of alfalfa decreased by 79.2%, 84.5% and 93.2% The average annual sediment yield in the intercropping area decreased by 74.0%, 82.3% and 89.5% respectively compared with the bare land. (3) The runoff and sediment yield of each treatment plots increased with the increase of slope. The average daily runoff at 10 ° was 81.1% and the sediment yield was 73.2% higher than the average runoff at 10 °. The average runoff at 15 ° was 84.7% and 81.3% higher than that at 5 °. 15 ° 19.0% more than the average flow rate of 10 °, and 30.2% more sediment yield.