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[目的]研究氮肥运筹对节水高产冬小麦产量和水分利用率的影响,以形成最佳的氮肥底追比例,保护有限水资源。[方法]在统一施用270 kg/hm~2纯氮条件下,选取节水高产冬小麦品种衡4399为材料,研究了底施与追肥比例3∶7、5∶5及7∶3这3种氮肥运筹方式对其产量、水分利用率的影响。[结果]氮肥运筹方式与产量及水分利用率高度相关,种植衡4399等节水高产冬小麦品种采用底追比3∶7的施氮方式,平均产量最高,为7 268.21 kg/hm~2,水分利用率最大,为21.56 kg/(hm~2·mm)。[结论]在黑龙港地区施用270 kg/hm~2纯氮条件下,种植衡4399这类分蘖能力较强的节水高产冬小麦品种宜采用底追比3∶7的施氮方式。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat with high water and yield, in order to form the best ratio of nitrogen and bottom tracing and protect the limited water resources. [Method] Under the condition of uniform application of 270 kg / hm ~ 2 pure nitrogen, three water-saving and high-yielding winter wheat cultivars, Heng 4399, were selected to study the effects of top-dressing and top dressing ratios of 3: 7, 5: 5 and 7: Impact of operational methods on its production and water use efficiency. [Result] The mode of nitrogen fertilizer operation was highly correlated with yield and water use efficiency. The winter wheat cultivars with planting density of 4399 and other water-saving and high-yielding cultivars had the highest average yield of 7 268.21 kg / hm 2, The largest utilization rate was 21.56 kg / (hm ~ 2 · mm). [Conclusion] Under the conditions of applying 270 kg / hm ~ 2 pure nitrogen in Heilonggang, it is appropriate to adopt the nitrogen application with a ratio of top to bottom 3: 7 under the condition of planting 4399, a water - saving and high - yield winter wheat variety with strong tillering ability.