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TGF-β家族成员与细胞膜上受体结合后 ,通过 Sm ads蛋白 ,调节细胞核内特异的基因表达。从结构和功能上看 ,Smads蛋白可以分为 3类。受体调节 - Sm ads(R- Sm ads)作为具有 Ser/Thr激酶活性的 TGF-β受体 - I的底物 ,激活后通过 MH2结构域 ,与共同介导的 Smads(Co- Smads)相互作用形成异聚体 ,直接结合在目的基因启动子上 ,影响基因转录。而转录抑制 Smads(I- Sm ads)能够拮抗 R- Sm ads的生物活性。在细胞内 ,Smads蛋白通过与不同的转录蛋白或转录共调节因子相互作用 ,在不同类型的细胞内介导特异的基因表达。改变 Smads蛋白的正常结构和功能常引起人体发生各种病变
TGF-β family members bind to receptors on the cell membrane, through the Sm ads protein, regulate the nucleus-specific gene expression. From the structure and function point of view, Smads proteins can be divided into three categories. Receptor Modulation - Sm ads (R-Sm ads), as a substrate for TGF-beta receptor-I with Ser / Thr kinase activity, interacts with co-mediated Smads (Co-Smads) via the MH2 domain upon activation The role of forming a heteropolymer, direct binding to the promoter of the gene of interest, affecting gene transcription. Transcriptional inhibition of Smads (I-Sm ads) antagonized the biological activity of R-Sm ads. Within cells, Smads proteins mediate specific gene expression in different types of cells by interacting with different transcription proteins or transcriptional co-regulators. Change the normal structure and function of Smads protein often cause a variety of human diseases