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碳排放权交易是在《京都议定书》框架下出现的市场化减排手段,一国通过设定排放上限,以较低的减排成本实现其减排目标。自《京都议定书》生效以来,国际碳排放权交易市场有了很大的发展,为全球温室气体排放的减少做出了巨大的贡献。当前,碳排放权交易市场的连接已经成为国际碳市场的发展趋势,越来越多的国家意识到其重要性,纷纷与其他市场建立起交易体系和信用体系的国际连接。成功的市场连接会带来高于成本的预期收益,可以更低的减排成本实现减排目标。中国已经开展了7个省市碳排放权交易试点工作,旨在2017年建立全国统一的碳排放交易市场。如何有效地推动试点间的相互连接,进而推动全国碳市场的形成,构建与国际碳排放权交易市场连接的能力,是当前中国碳市场面临的重要问题。
Carbon emissions trading is a market-based emission reduction mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol. A country can achieve its emission reduction targets by setting emission caps at a lower emission reduction cost. Since the entry into force of the “Kyoto Protocol”, the international carbon rights trading market has made great progress, contributing to the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions. At present, the connection of the carbon rights trading market has become the development trend of the international carbon market. More and more countries are aware of their importance and have established international connections with trading and credit systems in other markets. Successful market connections result in higher-than-expected costs and lower emissions reductions at lower costs. China has already piloted a pilot carbon emissions trading program in seven provinces and municipalities, aiming to establish a nationwide carbon emissions trading market by 2017. How to effectively promote the interconnection between pilots so as to further promote the formation of the national carbon market and the ability to connect with the international carbon emissions trading market are the important issues currently facing China’s carbon market.