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在玉/豆套作模式下研究了不同施氮量对大豆碳氮代谢及产量的影响。结果表明,适量增施氮肥有利于大豆增产,而氮素过量却会引起严重减产。高氮水平下(每公顷补施纯氮78.2 kg和96.6 kg),大豆茎、叶中可溶性糖和淀粉的积累量减少,茎中淀粉的积累时间缩短;茎、叶中氮素积累过多,氮代谢过于旺盛,造成了光合产物对光合器官的反馈抑制,碳、氮代谢严重失调,SPS和GS活性降低,后期营养物质向籽粒运输和分配受阻,产量很低。本试验的结论是,套作大豆外源氮肥的补充应建立在土壤氮素调查的基础上。本试验中,种植土壤有机质含量53.106 g·kg-1,全氮含量2.15 g·kg-1,速效氮158.542mg·kg-1,每公顷补施纯氮0~59.8 kg有利于大豆产量的形成,且各处理差异不显著。生产中,在土壤肥力较高的情况下,为节约成本,可不施氮肥。
The effects of nitrogen application rates on carbon and nitrogen metabolism and yield of soybean were studied under jade / bean intercropping system. The results showed that proper application of nitrogen fertilizer was beneficial to the increase of soybean yield, while excess nitrogen could cause serious yield loss. Under high nitrogen level (78.2 kg and 96.6 kg pure nitrogen per hectare), the accumulation of soluble sugar and starch in stems and leaves of soybean decreased, and the accumulation time of starch in stems was shortened. Nitrogen accumulation in stems and leaves was excessive, Nitrogen metabolism is too strong, resulting in feedback inhibition of photosynthetic products to photosynthetic organs, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, a serious imbalance, SPS and GS activity decreased, late transport of nutrients to grain transport and distribution obstruction, the yield is very low. The conclusion of this experiment is that the supplement of soybean as exogenous nitrogen fertilizer should be based on soil nitrogen survey. In this experiment, the soil organic matter content of 53.106 g · kg-1, total nitrogen content of 2.15 g · kg-1, available nitrogen of 158.542 mg · kg-1, supplemented with 0-59.8 kg of pure nitrogen per hectare is conducive to the formation of soybean yield , And the difference of each treatment is not significant. Production, in the case of higher soil fertility, in order to save costs, not nitrogen fertilizer.