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The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and atomic force microscope (AFM)are new types of apparatus for surface analysis which were developed successfully byBinnig and others in the 1980s. Because of their high resolution on an atomic scale,they are conveniently suitable to the real-time observation of surface atomic distributionand the study of physical-chemical feature concerned with surface electron behaviour.Application of STM and AFM to coal research has not yet been reported. Coal with
The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) are new types of apparatus for surface analysis which were developed successfully by Bunn and others in the 1980s. Because of their high resolution on an atomic scale, they are conveniently suitable to the real -time observation of surface atomic distribution and the study of physical-chemical feature concerned with surface electron behavior. Application of STM and AFM to coal research has not yet been reported. Coal with