阳光是形成作物产量的初级能源。在作物栽培中人们千方百计所作的努力,实质上就是应用各种农业措施,使作物能更充分地利用阳光、空气中的CO_2和土壤中的水分、养分等,高效地进行光合作用,并使光合产物能在植株体内更合理地分配。目前生产上大面积推广的作物高产良种都具有比较良好的植株形态结构,也就是具有比较理想的高光效株型结构。以水稻为例,从野生稻逐步进化到栽培稻,其重要的改变是:茎秆由匍匐变为直立;叶片由柔软披散变为硬直挺立;单叶面积和群体叶面积指数由小变大;结实器官增多增大,进而提高 Sunshine is the primary source of energy that produces crop production. In the cultivation of crops, people do everything possible to exert efforts, in essence, is to use a variety of agricultural measures so that crops can make full use of sunlight, air and water in the soil moisture, nutrients, etc., efficient photosynthesis, and photosynthesis The product can be more reasonably distributed in the plant body. At present, the production of large-scale promotion of high-yielding crop varieties have a relatively good plant morphology, that is, with the ideal high-light plant structure. Taking rice as an example, the important changes from wild rice to cultivated rice are as follows: the stalks change from creeping to erect; the leaves change from soft and loose to erect; the leaf area and leaf area index change from small to large; Increased stalks increase, and then increase