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目的:了解广州市越秀区妇女产褥期健康状况,探讨影响产褥期健康的生活行为因素。方法:抽取广州市越秀区出生>42天、1岁以内小儿母亲共1 020名作为调查对象,进行面对面的回顾性问卷调查,获得有效问卷1 007份。结果:妇女产褥期后体重和体质指数均显著高于孕前(P<0.001)。80.4%的妇女产后血性恶露持续时间超过14天。72.7%的妇女产褥期患有1种以上的病症,且以腰背痛(48.4%)、便秘(20.0%)、乳房肿胀(19.5%)、痔疮(12.6%)、关节痛(10.5%)和小腿抽筋(10.0%)等病症较常见。多元回归分析显示,每天卧床休息12～18 h是血性恶露时间延长的保护因素,每天睡眠不足8 h、卧床超过18 h分别是产褥期体重滞留和腰腿痛的危险因素;妇女产褥期经常做家务是影响产褥期恶露排出和腰腿痛的危险因素,而经常晒太阳、纯母乳喂养则是保护因素;此外,经常做产褥期保健操是产褥期体重滞留的保护因素。结论:越秀区妇女产褥期存在较多健康问题,这些健康问题与其产褥期生活行为有关;纠正不合理的生活行为,可以帮助妇女更健康地度过产褥期。
Objective: To understand the health status of women in the Yuexiu District of Guangzhou City during the puerperium, and to explore the life behavior factors that affect the health of the puerperium. Methods: A total of 1 020 children born within 42 days in Yuexiu District of Guangzhou City were enrolled. A total of 1 020 mothers were investigated as face-to-face questionnaires, and 1 007 valid questionnaires were obtained. Results: The body weight and body mass index of postpartum women were significantly higher than those before pregnancy (P <0.001). Postpartum bloody lochia persisted for more than 14 days in 80.4% of women. 72.7% of women had more than one type of disease in the puerperium and had low back pain (48.4%), constipation (20.0%), breast swelling (19.5%), hemorrhoids (12.6%), joint pain Cramps (10.0%) and other diseases are more common. Multivariate regression analysis showed that daily bed rest of 12-18 h was the protective factor of bloody locust prolongation, less than 8 hours of sleep per day and more than 18 hours of bed rest were the risk factors of postpartum weight retention and low back pain respectively. The regular housework of puerperal women was Affect puerperal lochia discharge and waist and leg pain risk factors, and often the sun, exclusive breastfeeding is a protective factor; In addition, often do puerperium aerobics is the protection of postpartum weight retention factors. Conclusion: There are many health problems in Yuexiu district during puerperium. These health problems are related to their puerperium life behavior. Correcting irrational living behavior can help women spend more puerperium time.