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就保护性耕作的由来和内涵、国内外发展现状作一综述,在指出我国稻田传统耕作方式存在的主要问题后,着重介绍了南方稻田保护性耕作的主要技术模式:即以免(少)耕、秸秆还田为主的保护性耕作技术和休闲期保护性耕作技术。稻田免(少)耕保护性耕作技术主要包括水稻免耕直播、免耕抛秧、免耕套播和免耕小苗移栽技术;秸秆还田为主的保护性耕作技术主要包括秸秆覆盖免耕栽培水稻和秸秆覆盖免耕旱作技术;休闲期保护性耕作技术主要包括冬春休闲和休闲期绿色覆盖技术。指出这些保护性耕作技术不仅具有传统栽培同样或更高的产量潜力,而且省工、节本、能减少水土流失,保持和改善地力,经济、生态效益显著。分析稻田保护性耕作存在的不足之处,提出发展对策。
After summarizing the origin and connotation of conservation tillage and the current situation both at home and abroad, after pointing out the main problems existing in the traditional tillage system of paddy field in our country, the paper mainly introduced the main technical modes of conservation tillage in the southern paddy field: Conservation of tillage with straw and conservation tillage techniques at leisure. Paddy-free (less) tillage tillage techniques mainly include direct seeding rice without tillage, no-tillage and throwing seedlings, no-tillage and no-tillage seedlings transplanting techniques. The main technologies for conservation tillage include straw mulching no-tillage Cultivation of rice and straw mulch without tillage technology; conservation tillage techniques include leisure and leisure green winter covering technology. It is pointed out that these conservation tillage technologies not only have the same or higher yield potential of traditional cultivation, but also save labor and save costs, reduce soil and water loss, maintain and improve soil fertility, and bring remarkable economic and ecological benefits. Analyze the deficiencies of paddy field conservation tillage and put forward the development countermeasures.