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按照海水滴生成机制和粒径大小,由海浪破碎生成的海洋飞沫分为膜滴、射滴和裂滴三大类,较小的海水滴在大气中滞留时间长,成为云的凝结核,对长期气候变化有重要影响,较大的海水滴参与海—气界面动量和热量交换过程,有利于热带气旋的形成和发展。海洋飞沫的生成与海上风速、海浪、海流和大气稳定度等因素有关,但由于缺乏观测数据,刻画海洋飞沫效应的关键物理量——海洋飞沫生成函数通常用海上风速进行参数化,忽略其他因素的影响,彼此间的差异非常大,给研究海洋飞沫对气候和海—气相互作用的影响造成困难,需要进一步开展海洋飞沫的观测,考虑风速之外的其他因素对海洋飞沫生成函数的作用,改进海洋飞沫热量和动量效应的参数化方案,进而阐明海洋飞沫对气候和海—气相互作用的影响。
According to the formation mechanism of seawater droplets and particle size, the marine droplets generated by sea wave breaking are divided into three categories: membrane droplets, droplets and fissures. The smaller seawater droplets have a long residence time in the atmosphere and become the condensed nuclei of clouds, Long-term climate change has a significant impact, the larger sea water droplets involved in the sea-air interface momentum and heat exchange process, is conducive to the formation and development of tropical cyclones. The formation of oceanic droplets is related to factors such as wind speed, waves, currents and atmospheric stability at sea. However, due to the lack of observation data, the key physical characterization of the effects of oceanic droplets - the oceanic droplets formation function is usually parameterized by the offshore wind speed and neglected The impact of other factors, each other is very large, to study the impact of marine droplets on the climate and sea-gas interactions caused by the difficulty of the need to further carry out observations of marine droplets, taking into account other factors other than wind speed on the ocean droplets The function of generating function and the parameterization scheme of improving the thermal and momentum effects of marine droplets, and then clarify the influence of marine droplets on the climate and the interaction between sea-atmosphere.