《毛诗序》是儒家文艺思想的代表性作品,却遭到“五四”以来现代学术的误读。《诗序》不是以文学论《诗》,而是以经学论《诗》。从经学的立场来看,《诗序》有关“言志”“教化”及“美刺”等诗学命题,体现出儒家文化思想的主体(士人或知识阶层)通过对经典的解释与言说,建立以“道”为核心的知识、思想与价值系统,赋予文学以言说功能,赋予诗人以话语权力,以达到建立文化与政治秩序、改良政治与社会的最终目的。从这个意义上来说,《诗序》研究史或阐释史,也与士人阶层重建思想世界与秩序、重新整理知识资源以建立新的思想话语的深层历史背景密切相关,不但具有重要的文论史意义,也具有一定的学术史和思想史价值。 Mao’s Preface is a representative work of Confucianism and literature thought, but it has been misunderstood by modern scholars since the May 4th Movement. “Preface to Poetry” does not regard “poetry” as literature, but “poetry” based on Confucian classics. From the standpoint of Confucian classics, poetic propositions such as “Shi Zhi ” “Education ” and “Mei Thorn ” of “Preface to the Book of Songs” show that the subject of the Confucianist cultural thought (scholar or intellectual class) For the classical explanation and explanation, the system of knowledge, thought and value centered on “Dao ” is established, the literary function of speech is given, the poet is given the power of discourse in order to reach the final stage of establishing cultural and political order and improving politics and society purpose. In this sense, the research history or interpretation history of “Preface to Poetry” is also closely related to the deep historical background of the intellectuals’ rebuilding of the world of thought and order and the rearrangement of knowledge resources to establish a new thought discourse. It not only has important literary theory Historical significance, but also has a certain academic and intellectual history value.