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抽样调查,是在被研究的总体中,抽出一部分单位进行调查,然后用以推断总体。其特点是,在抽选调查单位时,要遵循随机抽样的原则。总体中的每个单位都有同等被抽选的机会,被抽选的单位完全是偶然的,并非人们有意识挑选的。随机抽样产生的误差是带有偶然性,有的单位可能是正差,有的可能是负差,在大量被抽单位情况下相互抵消,因而抽样调查的结果是能反映总体的。无论在统计理论和实践上都证明,它是
In the sample survey, part of the units under investigation are surveyed and then used to infer the totality. Its characteristic is that in the selection of survey units, to follow the principle of random sampling. Each unit in the population has the same chance of being selected. The units being selected are totally accidental and not chosen by the people consciously. Random sampling error is generated by chance, some units may be positive, some may be negative, in the case of a large number of units being offset each other, and thus the results of the sample survey to reflect the overall. It is, both in statistical theory and in practice, that it is