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制度量化在实证研究中非常重要,目前国际上存在众多制度评价指标体系,但国内相关研究较少。本文借鉴安德森和温克普(2003,2004)在经典贸易引力模型和贸易成本方面的研究思想,并主要以诺维(2013)对贸易成本的测度方法为基础,确定了一国国内贸易成本(内贸成本)的测度公式,并将其作为衡量一国制度水平的指标。该公式显示出,一国内贸成本主要由双边贸易规模、国内贸易规模以及本国产品替代弹性等因素决定。本文对1994~2011年共119国(地区)的内贸成本进行了测度,在一定程度上较好地反映了各国(地区)制度的相对与绝对水平。与其他制度指标相比,内贸成本测度值还有待完善,但也表现出一定的参考价值。
System quantification is very important in empirical research. At present, there are many institutional evaluation index systems in the world, but there are few domestic related researches. This paper draws on Anderson and Winck (2003, 2004) research ideas in the classic trade gravity model and trade costs, and mainly based on Novartis (2013) measure of trade costs, to determine a country’s domestic trade costs Cost) measurement formula, and as a measure of the level of a country’s system of indicators. The formula shows that the cost of a country’s domestic trade is mainly determined by factors such as the size of bilateral trade, the scale of domestic trade and the elasticity of substitution of domestic products. This article measures the domestic trade costs of a total of 119 countries (regions) from 1994 to 2011, to a certain extent, reflects the relative and absolute levels of the systems in various countries (regions). Compared with other institutional indicators, the measure of domestic trade costs still need to be improved, but also showed some reference value.