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破产程序的目的是最大限度地清偿债权人。在对自然人财产的破产程序上,该目标任务通过剩余债务免除进行补充和叠加。为使程序有序进行,保障债权人利益,剩余债务免除程序必须和破产程序一起进行。在破产程序中对债务人的可扣押财产包括新取得的收入进行变价和分配。对于非从事独立经济活动者适用《破产清算法》第304条的消费者破产程序。消费者破产程序分为三个阶段,分别为庭外和解尝试、选用法庭债务清理方案程序以及简易破产程序。反之,独立经营的自然人适用一般破产程序。根据《破产清算法》第4a条,可以对贫困的债务人适用费用缓交,使其也能进入破产程序和剩余债务免除程序。剩余债务免除程序与破产程序一起开始,在破产程序开始后持续6年,对现有财产进行变价后结束破产程序。此时对于剩余债务免除只是停留在中途,因为剩余债务免除程序在破产程序结束后还得持续实施6年。剩余债务免除程序时间固定为6年,因为债务人在此周期内必须将其可扣押薪资投入使用,以清偿债务人。剩余债务免除有可能失败,首要原因是,如果某个债权人主张拒绝事由。对此应保障债务人在破产程序中不能损害任何债权人的利益且履行其在破产程序中的义务。另外,剩余债务免除程序在破产程序结束后的持续期间中,债务人还有特别的义务,如取得收入。如果剩余债务免除申请合法且没有被主张任何拒绝理由,则在6年后准予债务人免除剩余债务。因此债务人可以解除大多数至今没有履行的债务。
The purpose of bankruptcy proceedings is to maximize the satisfaction of creditors. This objective is complemented and superimposed by the remaining debt relief on the bankruptcy of the natural person’s property. In order to ensure the orderly progress of the proceedings and to protect the interests of creditors, the remaining debt relief procedures must be conducted in conjunction with the bankruptcy proceedings. During the insolvency proceedings, the debtors seized property, including newly acquired proceeds, shall be subject to price changes and distribution. Consumer insolvency proceedings apply to article 304 of the Bankruptcy Clearance Act for non-independent economic actors. Consumer bankruptcy proceedings are divided into three stages, namely out of court settlement attempt, selection of court debt clearance proceedings and summary bankruptcy proceedings. Conversely, natural persons in their own right apply general insolvency proceedings. Under section 4a of the Bankruptcy Liquidation Act, the impunity of impunity can be applied to impoverished debtors so that they can also enter the insolvency proceedings and the remaining debt relief proceedings. The remaining debt relief process begins with bankruptcy proceedings, ending six years after the commencement of the insolvency proceedings and ending the insolvency proceedings after the existing property is devalued. At this point, the remaining debt relief is only halfway as the remaining debt relief procedures have to continue for six years after the insolvency proceedings have ended. The remaining debt relief procedure is fixed at 6 years because the debtor must put his securable salary into service during this period to liquidate the debtor. The primary reason why the remaining debt relief is likely to fail is if a creditor claims to reject the cause. In this regard, it should be ensured that the debtor can not damage the interests of any creditor in the bankruptcy proceedings and fulfill its obligations in bankruptcy proceedings. In addition, the remaining debts have a special obligation, such as income, for the duration of the insolvency proceedings after the insolvency proceedings have ended. After 6 years, the debtor is granted a waiver of the remaining debt if the remaining debt relief application is lawful and not argued for any refusal. Therefore, the debtor can lift most of the outstanding debts to date.