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肥胖与机体对食欲的调节紊乱密切相关，而下丘脑正是接受、整合与发放食欲调节信号、维持体重稳定的重要中枢。中枢神经系统或外周组织产生的具有促／抑食欲作用的神经内分泌因子在下丘脑形成复杂的食欲调节网络和相互投射的神经环路，对体重和食欲进行精确的调控。在长期进化过程中形成的食欲调节系统是一种更有利于能量代谢正平衡的系统，食欲调节网络中各组分的轻微失常将导致肥胖。
Obesity and the body is closely related to the disturbance of appetite regulation, and the hypothalamus is to accept, integrate and release of appetite regulation signal to maintain weight and stability of the important center. Neuroendocrine factors, which are produced by the central nervous system or peripheral tissues, have a pro-appetite promoting and / or depressing effect. They form a complex network of appetite regulating and hypothalamic neurotransmission in the hypothalamus, precisely regulating body weight and appetite. The appetite regulating system formed during long-term evolution is a system that is more conducive to the positive balance of energy metabolism, and the slight abnormality of each component in the appetite regulating network will lead to obesity.