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衰老过程伴随生理机能的下降,特别是随着年龄增长而明显下降的骨密度(BMD)和瘦体重(LBM),还有老年人中常见的体脂及中心型肥胖症增加。女性在衰老过程中这些变化尤为显著,部分原因与绝经后体内的各种变化有关,包括更年期妇女在伴随衰老时身体活动减少,加剧衰老而出现的生理机能下降。值得注意的是,绝经后中年妇女代谢综合征(包括肥胖、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高血压、高血糖在内的心血管疾病风险因素积聚)发病率较高,一方面是因为上述身体成分急剧变化,另一方面也是体力活动水平改变所致。肌肉成分减少症就是衰老过程中骨骼肌纤维横截面积减少,最终将导致身体机能、步速、平衡、协调性衰减,以及骨密度和生活质量下降。体力活动在对抗衰老引起的生理机能减退中起重要作用,因此坚持适当水平的体力活动可延长寿命,降低代谢性疾病以及其他慢性病的风险。本研究通过综述相关文献,分析现有的体力活动方式,在此基础上提出针对女性健康的建议。
The aging process is accompanied by a decrease in physiology, particularly with a marked decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and lean body mass (LBM) with age, as well as an increase in body fat and central obesity commonly seen in the elderly. These changes are especially noticeable in women’s aging process, in part because of changes in the body after menopause, including the decline in physical function in menopausal women as physical activity decreases with age and exacerbates aging. It is noteworthy that the metabolic rate of metabolic syndrome (including the accumulation of risk factors of cardiovascular disease including obesity, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), hypertension, hyperglycemia) is high in middle-aged postmenopausal women. On the one hand Because of the sharp changes in body composition, on the other hand is also due to changes in physical activity level. Muscular component reduction is the reduction of skeletal muscle fiber cross-sectional area during aging, which eventually leads to decreased body function, pace, balance, coordination, and decreased bone mineral density and quality of life. Physical activity plays an important role in counteracting the physiological decline caused by aging, so maintaining a proper level of physical activity extends life expectancy and reduces the risk of metabolic and other chronic diseases. This study summarizes the relevant literature, analyzes the existing physical activity, on this basis, put forward recommendations for women’s health.