20世纪以来,精神分析学一直是西方现代派文学的重要理论基础,它对存在主义、超现实主义、荒诞派、表现主义等现代主义流派都产生过直接或间接的影响。英国现实主义作家托马斯·哈代在其小说封笔之作《无名的裘德》中,用深刻、犀利的写作手法将几位主人公的心理活动表现得淋漓尽致。哈代对心理问题的积极探索与透彻研究,堪称精神分析小说家之先驱。 Since the 20th century, psychoanalysis has always been an important theoretical basis for Western modernist literature. It has had a direct or indirect impact on the modernist schools of Existentialism, Surrealism, Absurdism, and Expressionism. British realism writer Thomas Hardy in his novel “Jude, the Nameless,” with profound, sharp writing techniques to several protagonists of the psychological activities demonstrated most vividly. Hardy positive exploration of psychological problems and thorough research, called psychoanalytic novelist pioneer.