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目的评价乌鲁木齐市3006名中小学生错畸形的流行状况。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,调查乌鲁木齐市7~15岁的多民族中小学生3006名,以安氏分类及个别正常作为诊断标准,检查错畸形患病情况。结果 3006名调查对象中,有错畸形患者共计1447名,患病率为48.14%。其中,安氏Ⅰ类错为1079名(占74.57%),安氏Ⅱ类错为175名(占12.09%),安氏Ⅲ类错为193名(占13.34%)。男性患病率为54.63%,女性患病率为42.19%,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。汉族、维吾尔族、哈萨克族和回族4个民族的患病率分别为43.28%、51.37%、40.38%和52.81%;7~9、10~12和13~15岁不同年龄段的患病率分别为41.64%、47.81%和50.62%。根据临床表现进行分类,牙列拥挤的患病率最高,其他依次为深覆、前牙间隙、深覆盖、前牙反(包括对刃)等。结论乌鲁木齐市的中小学生错畸形的患病率偏高,且在不同民族、不同性别和不同年龄之间存在差异。
Objective To evaluate the prevalence of malformation deformity among 3006 primary and secondary school students in Urumqi. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate 3006 multi-ethnic primary and secondary school students aged 7-15 years old in Urumqi. The classification of angiosperms and individual normotensives were used as diagnostic criteria to check the prevalence of malformation deformity. Results A total of 1,447 malformed patients with malformations were found in 3006 subjects, with a prevalence of 48.14%. Among them, Class I malocclusion was 1079 (accounting for 74.57%), Class II malocclusion was 175 (accounting for 12.09%) and Class III malocclusion was 193 (accounting for 13.34%). The prevalence of males was 54.63%, and the prevalence of females was 42.19%. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The prevalence rates of Han, Uygur, Kazak and Hui nationalities were 43.28%, 51.37%, 40.38% and 52.81% respectively. The prevalence rates of different age groups of 7 ~ 9, 10 ~ 12 and 13 ~ 15 years were 41.64%, 47.81% and 50.62% respectively. Classification according to clinical manifestations, the highest prevalence of crowding crowds, followed by deep overburden, anterior teeth gap, deep coverage, anterior teeth (including the blade). Conclusions The prevalence of malformation deformities among primary and secondary school students in Urumqi is high, and there are differences among different ethnic groups, genders and ages.